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7G CHINESE MUSIC. heads. Of drums of this kind used at the Confucian ceremonies there are two, placed on the east and west sides respectively ; they are sounded three times at the end of each. verse. They measure I foot .in length and I foot in diameter. Anciently, the t'ao-lcii used in ritual music was composed of two or more drums transfixed by a handle ; sometimes it was composed of several small drums hung together upon a frame, and struck only on one head by the balls. Such drums are now out of use. The t:ao-lcu is the special instmment by means of which the itinerant vendor· of illi' . . 11 . d . m ne1y goods makes known his whereabouts; but is nun 1s smaller and has generally a small gong on the upper side.