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CHINESE MUSIC. 57 No. 11.-The Shun (ij). This is the literary appellation of an instrument shaped like .a mortar. The popular name is ~ (ch'ing). It is struck with a wooden hammer, and when used at the religious ceremonies is put into a kind of silk purse richly ornamented with costly fish scales. It ought to measure f-3 feet in height and 9½inches in diameter. No. 12.-The To (if), or ' " tongued bell," is an ordinary bell having either a metal or a wooden tongue, and a handle at the apex. Formerly there were four different kinds of tongued bells in use in the army. The ringing of the to conveyed to the soldiers the injunction to stand still and be quiet in the 1·anks. Hence this bell came to be associated with the idea of respect and veneration; and when music was performed to .illustrate the meritorious actions of warriors, faithful ministers, etc., the to was employed to symbolise obedience; each military dancer had a to with a metal tongue, and each civil dancer had one with a wooden tongue; it was used at the end of the dance. At present the to is used only by bonzes to mark the rhythm of their prayei-s. No. 13.-The Lo (ii), or "gong," is cast in the shape of a platter or a Chinese straw hat with large brim ; it is of various sizes, varying from z inches to z feet in diameter. It is suspended by a string, and struck with a mallet. The use of this noisy instrument is very general. At the gates of yamens it announces the arrival of visitors; in the army it gives the signal of retreat ; in processions it frightens and drives away evil spii-its; on board ship it announces departure; during eclipses " it frightens the heavenly dog when about to devour the moon"; in songs it marks the time; in the streets a small gong is the sign of the candy merchant, and a large one may announce the approach of the di -trict magistrate with his retinue; in Buddhist temples it is beaten to call the a tention of the "sleeping gods." Native descriptions rarely mention the gong·, perhaps because it is popular merely and is not required for imperial worship. No. 14.-The Yun-lo (~ fl), or "gong chimes," is an instrument composed of 10 little gongs suspended upon a frame by fine silk cord. The gongs are all of the same diameter, but t hey difte r in thickness. The yii,n-lo is used at court, mainly on joyful occasions; at the