BCCPAM000M29-5-25000000000000

20 CH INESE MUSI C. reign, ceremonial services to CONFUCIUS were to be performed fom times a year, and the same hymn sung every time, but in a different key :- Flute Part for the Heading indicat- FOREIGN EQUIVALENT. 1f. (qi (or ing the Pitch E XPL ANA'.l'ION. Spring Ceremony). of the Key-note. ~ chia } (Jhia-chung, the 4tL lii (see cii ·cu.hr clia.gmmJ 1JL fJi. {R. im clmng = D # or E !:,. ,._, ::; ~ fJi. 1JL ffi; wei acting as -0 $"" '<I 1JL fJi. ~ 1J; lcv1ng fundamental sound or ton.ie ;, s· (fq ~ 1Ro 1x fJi. {ff pei l w· a doubled ying-clmng (the 12th lii of the &; "'" 1JL 1R. !JM. ying ::,- j primitive series, being doubled becomes the "'" (t> 0 r2th lu of the grave seri.es) =B ~ s -0 1~ 1J: ~1 chung (t> 11> g, ~ (t> ,-; 1JL fE. jfg ch'·i ,-,. s } begins } begins } stark "'" (t> ::; ,-; the the the "' s if: 1~ wM t'icio ~ intonation tune music. ~ ,::: en c-> iR 1Jl Jfl :;, ::;, yung (When) employing t;:I ~ c,- 1.1: 1~ R ch'ih IJ"" "' } ::; the character R, that is, the musical note R. ,-+ t:," 1Jl ,il: ~ tzu "' or G, t;:I 00 17- fii. wM t'iao to intone a ttrne, 0 ~ s m. {R ~ ch'u ,::: (we must) exclude, leave aside, g. fJi 11 I l wny the notes lcung and yi, or 6 yi. A and E. By means of the 12 lii,s the Chinese are enn.bled to transpose theiJ., scale of r 4 sounds in any of the I 2 tones. For instance, om scale of' C is for the Chinese the scale of h,uanq-chung, and when we have music written in the tone of E I, the Chinese say it is ii i chia-chung. An important point to be observed is that, no matter in what tone a Chinese piece is written, the first sound or key-note is always 'g (kung ), the second shcing, the third chiao, and so on. The best foreign equivalents for these five names would thus be~ Tonic, or first degree, for lciing; subtonic, or second degree, for shang ; Mediant, or third degree, for chiao; dominant, or fifth degree, for chih ; Subdominant, or sixth degree, for yu. At the grand ceremonies Chinese musicians regufate their instruments a·ccording to one of the fixed instruments, as the pien-chnng, the pien-ch 'i.ng , or the p' l.ii- hsiao, three instruments which give exactly the same notes as the liis. The heading or signature written before the music of the ot,her instruments refers to them.