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REFOCUSINGON MGR ANASTASIUS HARTMANN 479 Sultanate of Bijapur and Fr Zeno directed his steps to Surat in Northwest India, the two others retumed to France. Mgr Castro's performance as Apostolic Vicar 'faS marked by wild ups and downs of fortune and on his visit to Rome in 1658, he was asked not to retum to his Vicariate. In 1669 Mgr Custodius de Pinho (t 1697) 16 succeeded Mgr Castro and in 1696 the Vicariate was entrusted to the Carmelites and Fr Peter Paul of St Francis OCD (1643-1701) was designated as the Apostolic Vicar. The Vicariate's designation had by now become anachronistic as the Sultanate of Bijapur had been merged into the Empire of the Mogul in 1686, and characteristically, the Vicariate now carne to be rechristened as the Apostolic Vicariate of Great Mogul. Even after the Carmelites had taken up residence in Bombay in the wake of the extrusion of the Padroado clergy from there on 28 March 1720 by the British, the jurisdiction continued to be known as the Vicariate of the Great Mogul. It was in 1833 that the appellation Vicariate of Bombay is seen in use for the first timr. in the officia! documents. By then the origina! Apostolic Vicariate of the Great Mogul was far from its origina! shape, as it had already mothered quite a few other Vicariates down the decades. The Apostolic Vicariate ofBombay continued to be manned successively by Carmelite prelates, and it not only weathered the growing pains but also struck deep root, despite one too many conflicts of both ecclesiastica! and politica! nature cropping up. However, the gradua! spread of the tentacles of the British colonia! rule in India was altering radically the socio-politica! scenario in the whole subcontinent, calling for bold and inventive steps from the part of the Church leadership, !est as a body the Catholics should be missing the boat altogether. The introduction of English education by the Anglicans in Bombay was the cue for the Catholic leadership to take the appropriate steps. The posting to Bombay of a Carmelite prelate of Irish origin was part of the new modus operandi of the Catholic Church. The Italian Apostolic Vicar Aloysius Maria ofSt Theresa Fortini (1795-1848) 17 was assigned an auxiliary in the person of an Irish confrère of his, John Francis Whelan ofSt Theresa (1798-1876) 18 , in order to meet the exigencies created by the solidification of the British govemance of India. 19 Mgr Whelan 1 6 Apostolic vicar ofBijapur 17 Aloysius Maria Fortini, ltalian Cannelite; 1837: coadjutor bishop in Bombay; 1840: apostolic vicar ofBombay; 18 John Francis Whelan, Irish Carmelite; 1843: coadjutor in Bombay; 1848: apostolic vicar ofBombay; 1850: tenders resignation. · 19 J.H. Gense, The Church al the Gateway of India. 1720-1960, Bombay 1960, 91: "Moreover, certain English-speaking members of the Catholic community in Bombay,