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224 F. X. MARTIN the little group from the British Isles into a new exile, or as they expressed it, into dispersion among the gentiles. They pointed out that when similar national antipathies had arisen among the Bene– dictines, Franciscans and Jesuits it was solved by establishing separate houses for the English-speaking members of these orders. Letters from Albergati, the papal nuncio at Cologne, to Borghese, the cardinal secretary of state, during 1614 corroborate the statements of the English-speaking group. Cornelio had gone so far, the nuncio reported to Rome on 26 October 1614, as to expel them from the monastery at Cologne without the letters of introduction which, strictly speaking, were necessary for their reception in Capuchin houses elsewhere 17 • The Irish friars nevertheless settled with other Capuchin communities in Germany and France, while Nugent went back to the Low Countries. From there he arranged that the new friary to be built at Charleville in northern France by Charles de Gonzague, duke of Nevers, be given over to the use principally of the Irish but also of the other friars from the British Isles. One of the English friars, Father Angelus, set out for England, and worked in London until arrested in 1618 and imprisoned 48 • It was in this same year that Francis Nugent arrived at Rome for the general chapter, armed with letters from Irish, English and Scottish Catholic authorities appealing for an increase in the number of Capuchins working in Great Britain and Ireland. Anthony Lord Montague of Cowdray wrote a restrained but moving letter on behalf of the English Catholics; Baron Maitland of Thirlestane, The MacDonald of Clanran– ald, and Thomas Dease of the Irish College at Paris appealed warmly for friars to succour the oppressed Catholics of Scotland 19 • Dease also wrote on behalf of the Catholics in Ireland, as did Christopher Cusack, president of the Irish College at Douai, Conor O'Reilly an exiled Irish chieftain, and Hugh O'Donnell, earl of Tyrconnell 50 • 47 Ibid., 147-148. 48 CuTifBERT, Capuchins II, 337. 4 9 The letters are cited in O'CONNELL, Hist.Miss., 170-173, 182-183, 193-196. See MARTIN, Nugent, 183-186. - For Anthony Maria Browne, second Viscount Cowdray of Battle Abbey and Cowdray Park, Sussex (1574-1629), see G.E.C., Complete Peerage IX, London 1936, 100; J. GILLOW, Bibliographical Dictionary of English Catholics V, London 1902, 78-82. He has been described as « perhaps at this period the greatest supporter of the persecuted faith in England». He was accused of complicity in the Gunpowder Plot, and imprisoned in the Tower of London in. November 1605, but released in August 1606. He was married to Jane, daughter of Thomas Sackville, first earl of Dorset, and sister to Thomas Sackville who in 1611 contributed 2,000 scudi for the Capuchin Mission to the British Isles (see above n.34). - James Maitland (1568-1625?), son of Sir William, a devoted adherent of Mary, Queen of Scots, was disinherited and lived abroad. For the Maitlands see G.E.C., Complete Peerage XII, Pt. 1, London 1953, 699-702; for James see Scots Peerage V, ed. J.B. Paul, Edinburgh 1908, 295-296. - For the MacDonalds of Clanranald see ibid., 39-40, 562. 50 For Dease, Cusack, O'Reilly, and O'Neill see MARTIN, Nugent, 184 n.90-92, 94 n.47.