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THE SYLLOGISTIC OF VALERIANUS MAGNI 205 singular terms 9 • One can assume that, throughout this development, the use of a singular term spread from the auxiliary expository syllogism of Darapti to the remaining modes, so that a parallel systE)m of syllogisms with singular terms in all or in some premises arose. In his history of post-medieval logic Ashworth pointed out « two ways of justifying the use of propositions with singular terms in the syllogism» 10 • The first way presupposed an elaborate theory of supposition and principles analogical to the rules « dL::i de omni » and « dici de nullo ». The second way, according to him, « involved the interpretation of singular propositions as having a standard form», i.e. SiP, SoP. He continues: « Some authors ob·;iously took it that singular propositions were equivalent to particular propositions, since they gave examples of such modes as Darii with one universal and two singular propositions» 11 • Ashworth mentions ~he authors, whose works range from 1540 to 1635, the last being Log{ca Hambur– gensis of J. Jungius 12 • Three reasons can be given to support our statement that Valerianus followed the latter way. 1) There is not a slightest trace of the theory of supposition to be found in his logical tracts. 2) In Baroco he uses the standard form of a particular premise: « Quidam lapis non est animal», see (32). 3) His examples of the so-called Aristotelian modi, (12') and (22'), differ fro:n Hispanus' examples of Darii and Ferio 13 , exactly in that tl::ey have the singular term « Petrus » in the place where Hispanus has the particular term « quidam homo», the wording of their examples being otherwise identical. 2.2. Prominent structural properties of the Aristotelian modes chosen by Valerianus as a basis of his six « modi perfectissimi » Having ·settled the question concerning the status of singular proposition [the minor premise of (12') and (22'): « Petrus est ani– mal»] with the result that Valerianus conceives of them as of par– ticular propositions of the type « Quidam homo est animal », his « modi perfectissimi », (11) to (32), appear to be based on f:ie following Aristotelian assertoric modes: (1) Barbara/Darii, (2) Celarent/Ferio, 9 The documents to the history of the expository syllogism are to be found in C. Prantl, Geschichte der Logik im Abencllande, 3 and 4 vol., Leipzig 1927. 10 E. J. Ashworth, Language and Logic in the Post-medieval Period, Dordrecht-Boston 1974, 247. 11 Ibid. 248. 12 Cf. note 26. 13 Petrus Hispanus, op. cit. 46..